Attaining Sustainable Development Goal for Newborn Survival: Reinforcing Postnatal Interventions



Abstract Views
442

Downloads
232

Citations

Share

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##

Submitted Oct 23, 2021
Published Nov 17, 2021
10.24018/clinicmed.2021.2.6.139

Abstract viewed = 442 times

Table of Contents

##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##

Under the sustainable development goals (SDG), the target for neonatal mortality rate (NMR) was proposed to be less than 12 per 1000 live births by 2030 and may not meet the SDG 2030 NMR target. It may be prudent to focus on moderately low birth weight babies, 1500-2499 g, to reach the goal. This category of babies constitutes 37% of newborn deaths. They need supervised care for a short period that consists of the provision of warmth and breastfeeding with or without antibiotic therapy, and with or without oxygen administration. Despite knowing that these interventions can reduce neonatal deaths, deficiencies in how to implement these measures may be making all the difference to the expected outcome.

This paper suggests possible ways to enhance the effectiveness of some of the better-known interventions such as the provision of warmth, feeding, resuscitation, oxygen administration, delivery of continuous positive airway support, and antibiotic therapy.

Keywords: Development goal, low-cost newborn care, low birth weight babies, neonatal mortality, sustainable, thermal control in newborn

References

  1. World Health Organization. Newborns: reducing mortality. [Internet] [cited September 28, 2018]; Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/newborns-reducing-mortality.
     Google Scholar
  2. Dandona R, Kumar GA, Henry NJ, Joshua V, Ramji S, Gupta SS, et al. Subnational mapping of under-5 and neonatal mortality trends in India: The Global Burden of Disease Study 2000–17. The Lancet. 2020; 395(10237): 1640-1658.
     Google Scholar
  3. Belizán JM, McClure EM, Goudar SS, Pasha O, Fabian EF, Patel A, et al. Neonatal death in low- to middle-income countries: a global network study. American Journal of Perinatology. 2012; 29(08): 649-656.
     Google Scholar
  4. Darmstadt GL, Bhutta ZA, Cousens S, Adam T, Walker N, de Bernis L, Lancet Neonatal Survival Steering Team. Evidence-based, cost-effective interventions: how many newborn babies can we save? Lancet. 2005; 365(9463): 977-88.
     Google Scholar
  5. Daga S, Daga A, Mhatre S, Ghane V. Enhancing neonatal survival: what can we do today? Journal of Perinatology. 2016; 36(8): 681–684.
     Google Scholar
  6. Anderson P. Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence. BMJ. 2004; 328 (7438): 476-477.
     Google Scholar
  7. Hillier S, Grimmer-Somers K, Merlin T, Middleton P, Salisbury J, Tooher R, et al. FORM: An Australian method for formulating and grading recommendations in evidence-based clinical guidelines. BMC Medical Research Methdology. 2011; 11: 23.
     Google Scholar
  8. Barbui C, Dua T, van Ommeren M, Yasamy MT, Fleischmann A, Clark N, et al. Challenges in developing evidence-based recommendations using the GRADE approach: the case of mental, neurological, and substance use disorders. PLoS Medicine. 2010; 7: e1000322.
     Google Scholar
  9. World Health Organization. Essential newborn care course. [Internet] [cited March 21, 2020]; Available from: https://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/documents/newborncare_course/en/doi:
     Google Scholar
  10. Lunze K, Bloom DE, Jamison DT, Hamer DH. The global burden of neonatal hypothermia: a systematic review of a major challenge for newborn survival. BMC Medical Research Methodology. 2013; 11: 24.
     Google Scholar
  11. Conde-Agudelo A, Díaz-Rossello JL. Kangaroo mother care to reduce morbidity and mortality in low-birth-weight infants. Cochrane Database and System Reviews. 2016; 3: CD002771.
     Google Scholar
  12. Li S, Guo P, Zou Q, He F, Xu F, Tan L. Efficacy and safety of plastic wrap for prevention of hypothermia after birth and during nicu in preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2016; 11(6): e0156960.
     Google Scholar
  13. Daga S. Reinforcing kangaroo mother care uptake in resource-limited settings. Maternal Health, Neonatology, and Perinatology. 2018; 4: 26.
     Google Scholar
  14. World Health Organization. Safe Motherhood. Thermal Control of the Newborn: a practicalguide. [Internet], [cited 2019]; Available from: https://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/documents/ws42097th/en/.
     Google Scholar
  15. Sarman I, Tunell R. Providing warmth for preterm babies by a heated, water-filled mattress. Archieves in Disease in Childhood. 1989; 64: 29-33.
     Google Scholar
  16. Cooke RJ, Embleton ND. Feeding issues in preterm infants. Archives of Disease in Childhood-Fetal and Neonatal Edition. 2000; 83: F215–F218.
     Google Scholar
  17. Daga SR, Dighole RV, Patil RP. Domiciliary management of very low birth weight babies in rural areas of developing countries. World Health Forum. 1996; 17: 289–290.
     Google Scholar
  18. Daga S, Naktode N, Borade A, Gawali S. Introducing donor milk in a neonatal intensive care unit: a developing country’s perspective. Indian Journal of Pediatrics.2016; 83(12): 1514.
     Google Scholar
  19. Khalil N. (2017). Impact of implementing an educational program regarding care of nasogastric tube feeding on nurses' knowledge and performance. Journal of Nursing and Health Science. 2017; 6(1): 101-109.
     Google Scholar
  20. Daga SR, Lunkad NG, Daga AS, Ahuja VK. Orogastric versus nasogastric feeding of newborn babies. Tropical Doctor. 1999; 29(4): 242-243.
     Google Scholar
  21. Stocks J. Effect of nasogastric tubes on nasal resistance during infancy. Archieves of Disease in Childhood. 1980; 55(1):17–21.
     Google Scholar
  22. Daga SR, Daga AS, Dighole RV, Patil RP, Dhinde HL. Rural neonatal care: Dahanu Indian Pediatrics 1992; 29(2): 189-93.
     Google Scholar
  23. Daga AS, Daga SR, Dighole RV, Patil RP, Patil MR. Evaluation of a training programme for traditional birth attendants in newborn care. Indian Pediatrics. 1997; 34(11): 1021–1024.
     Google Scholar
  24. World Health Organization. Basic Newborn Resuscitation: a practical guide. WHO; Geneva: [Internet] [cited on July 6, 2009]; Available from: http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/maternal_perinatal_health/MSM_98_1/en/index.html.
     Google Scholar
  25. Wall SN, Lee AC, Niermeyer S, English M, Keenan WJ, Carlo W, et al. Neonatal resuscitation in low‐resource settings: what, who, and how to overcome challenges to scale up?. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 2009; 107(Supplement), S47-S64.
     Google Scholar
  26. Beena DK, MacGuire ER, McClure EM, Goldenberg RL, Jobe AH. Neonatal mortality from respiratory distress syndrome: lessons for low-resource countries. Pediatrics. 2011; 127(6): 1139-1146.
     Google Scholar
  27. Frey B, Shann F. Oxygen administration in infants. Archives of Disease in Childhood-Fetal and Neonatal Edition. 2003; 88: F84–F88.
     Google Scholar
  28. Daga SR, Verma B, Gosavi DV. Oropharyngeal delivery of oxygen to children. Tropical Doctor. 1999; 29: 98-99.
     Google Scholar
  29. Wilkinson DA. Methods of oxygen delivery in children: which is best? (editorial) Tropical Doctor. 1999; 29:65.
     Google Scholar
  30. Daga S, Mhatre S, Borhade A, Khan D. Home-made continuous positive airways pressure device may reduce mortality in neonates with respiratory distress in low-resource setting. Journal of Tropical Pediatrics. 2014; 60: 343-47.
     Google Scholar
  31. Daga S, Joshi H, Gunjal P, Mhatre S. An innovative air-oxygen blender for continuous positive airway pressure support in resource-poor locations: a feasibility study. Journal of Tropical Pediatrics. 2016; 63(4): 269-273.
     Google Scholar
  32. Bang AT, Bang RA, Stoll BJ, Baitule SB, Reddy HM, et al. Is home-based diagnosis and treatment of neonatal sepsis feasible and effective? Seven years of intervention in the Gadchiroli field trial (1996 to 2003). Journal of Perinatology. 2005; 25(1): S62-S71.
     Google Scholar
  33. Darmstadt GL, Batra M, Zaidi AKM. Oral antibiotics in the management of serious neonatal bacterial infections in developing country communities. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 2009; 28: S31–S36.
     Google Scholar